Conserving Africa's wildlife and wildlands through the COVID-19 crisis and beyond.
Identifieur interne : 001262 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001261; suivant : 001263Conserving Africa's wildlife and wildlands through the COVID-19 crisis and beyond.
Auteurs : Peter Lindsey [Afrique du Sud, Australie, États-Unis] ; James Allan [Pays-Bas] ; Peadar Brehony [Royaume-Uni] ; Amy Dickman [Royaume-Uni] ; Ashley Robson [Afrique du Sud] ; Colleen Begg [Afrique du Sud] ; Hasita Bhammar [États-Unis] ; Lisa Blanken [Allemagne] ; Thomas Breuer [Allemagne] ; Kathleen Fitzgerald [Kenya] ; Michael Flyman [Botswana] ; Patience Gandiwa [Zimbabwe] ; Nicia Giva [Mozambique] ; Dickson Kaelo [Kenya] ; Simon Nampindo [Ouganda] ; Nyambe Nyambe [Botswana] ; Kurt Steiner [Afrique du Sud] ; Andrew Parker [Afrique du Sud] ; Dilys Roe [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul Thomson [États-Unis] ; Morgan Trimble [Afrique du Sud] ; Alexandre Caron [France, Mozambique] ; Peter Tyrrell [Kenya]Source :
- Nature ecology & evolution [ 2397-334X ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 illness are driving a global crisis. Governments have responded by restricting human movement, which has reduced economic activity. These changes may benefit biodiversity conservation in some ways, but in Africa, we contend that the net conservation impacts of COVID-19 will be strongly negative. Here, we describe how the crisis creates a perfect storm of reduced funding, restrictions on the operations of conservation agencies, and elevated human threats to nature. We identify the immediate steps necessary to address these challenges and support ongoing conservation efforts. We then highlight systemic flaws in contemporary conservation and identify opportunities to restructure for greater resilience. Finally, we emphasize the critical importance of conserving habitat and regulating unsafe wildlife trade practices to reduce the risk of future pandemics.
DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1275-6
PubMed: 32728187
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Allemagne, Australie, Botswana, France, Kenya, Mozambique, Ouganda, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Zimbabwe, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Berlin, Californie, District de Columbia, Grand Londres, Hollande-Septentrionale, Languedoc-Roussillon, Occitanie (région administrative), Oxfordshire
- Amsterdam, Berlin, Cambridge, Londres, Montpellier, Oxford
- Université d'Amsterdam, Université d'Oxford, Université de Cambridge
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA, USA. peter@wildnet.org.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allan, James" sort="Allan, James" uniqKey="Allan J" first="James" last="Allan">James Allan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region 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Tubney, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Oxford, Tubney</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robson, Ashley" sort="Robson, Ashley" uniqKey="Robson A" first="Ashley" last="Robson">Ashley Robson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Begg, Colleen" sort="Begg, Colleen" uniqKey="Begg C" first="Colleen" last="Begg">Colleen Begg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>TRT Conservation Foundation, Rondebosch, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>TRT Conservation Foundation, Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhammar, Hasita" sort="Bhammar, Hasita" uniqKey="Bhammar H" first="Hasita" last="Bhammar">Hasita Bhammar</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>World Bank, Washington, DC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanken, Lisa" sort="Blanken, Lisa" uniqKey="Blanken L" first="Lisa" last="Blanken">Lisa Blanken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eschborn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Eschborn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Eschborn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breuer, Thomas" sort="Breuer, Thomas" uniqKey="Breuer T" first="Thomas" last="Breuer">Thomas Breuer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>WWF Germany, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>WWF Germany, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fitzgerald, Kathleen" sort="Fitzgerald, Kathleen" uniqKey="Fitzgerald K" first="Kathleen" last="Fitzgerald">Kathleen Fitzgerald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Conservation Capital, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Conservation Capital, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flyman, Michael" sort="Flyman, Michael" uniqKey="Flyman M" first="Michael" last="Flyman">Michael Flyman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Gaborone, Botswana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Botswana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Gaborone</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gaborone</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gandiwa, Patience" sort="Gandiwa, Patience" uniqKey="Gandiwa P" first="Patience" last="Gandiwa">Patience Gandiwa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Conservation Affairs Department, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Harare, Zimbabwe.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>International Conservation Affairs Department, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giva, Nicia" sort="Giva, Nicia" uniqKey="Giva N" first="Nicia" last="Giva">Nicia Giva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaelo, Dickson" sort="Kaelo, Dickson" uniqKey="Kaelo D" first="Dickson" last="Kaelo">Dickson Kaelo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nampindo, Simon" sort="Nampindo, Simon" uniqKey="Nampindo S" first="Simon" last="Nampindo">Simon Nampindo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Society, Uganda Country Programme, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Wildlife Conservation Society, Uganda Country Programme, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyambe, Nyambe" sort="Nyambe, Nyambe" uniqKey="Nyambe N" first="Nyambe" last="Nyambe">Nyambe Nyambe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area Secretariat, Kasane, Botswana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Botswana</country><wicri:regionArea>Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area Secretariat, Kasane</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kasane</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steiner, Kurt" sort="Steiner, Kurt" uniqKey="Steiner K" first="Kurt" last="Steiner">Kurt Steiner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Independent consultant, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Independent consultant, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Andrew" sort="Parker, Andrew" uniqKey="Parker A" first="Andrew" last="Parker">Andrew Parker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Conserve Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Conserve Africa, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roe, Dilys" sort="Roe, Dilys" uniqKey="Roe D" first="Dilys" last="Roe">Dilys Roe</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IUCN Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group (SULi), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>IUCN Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group (SULi), London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomson, Paul" sort="Thomson, Paul" uniqKey="Thomson P" first="Paul" last="Thomson">Paul Thomson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trimble, Morgan" sort="Trimble, Morgan" uniqKey="Trimble M" first="Morgan" last="Trimble">Morgan Trimble</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Independent consultant, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Independent consultant, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caron, Alexandre" sort="Caron, Alexandre" uniqKey="Caron A" first="Alexandre" last="Caron">Alexandre Caron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRE, Uni Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRE, Uni Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyrrell, Peter" sort="Tyrrell, Peter" uniqKey="Tyrrell P" first="Peter" last="Tyrrell">Peter Tyrrell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>South Rift Association of Landowners, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>South Rift Association of Landowners, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno 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Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pretoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia. peter@wildnet.org.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA, USA. peter@wildnet.org.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allan, James" sort="Allan, James" uniqKey="Allan J" first="James" last="Allan">James Allan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brehony, Peadar" sort="Brehony, Peadar" uniqKey="Brehony P" first="Peadar" last="Brehony">Peadar Brehony</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dickman, Amy" sort="Dickman, Amy" uniqKey="Dickman A" first="Amy" last="Dickman">Amy Dickman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Tubney, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Oxford, Tubney</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robson, Ashley" sort="Robson, Ashley" uniqKey="Robson A" first="Ashley" last="Robson">Ashley Robson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Begg, Colleen" sort="Begg, Colleen" uniqKey="Begg C" first="Colleen" last="Begg">Colleen Begg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>TRT Conservation Foundation, Rondebosch, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>TRT Conservation Foundation, Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhammar, Hasita" sort="Bhammar, Hasita" uniqKey="Bhammar H" first="Hasita" last="Bhammar">Hasita Bhammar</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>World Bank, Washington, DC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanken, Lisa" sort="Blanken, Lisa" uniqKey="Blanken L" first="Lisa" last="Blanken">Lisa Blanken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Eschborn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Eschborn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Eschborn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breuer, Thomas" sort="Breuer, Thomas" uniqKey="Breuer T" first="Thomas" last="Breuer">Thomas Breuer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>WWF Germany, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>WWF Germany, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fitzgerald, Kathleen" sort="Fitzgerald, Kathleen" uniqKey="Fitzgerald K" first="Kathleen" last="Fitzgerald">Kathleen Fitzgerald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Conservation Capital, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Conservation Capital, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flyman, Michael" sort="Flyman, Michael" uniqKey="Flyman M" first="Michael" last="Flyman">Michael Flyman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Gaborone, Botswana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Botswana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Gaborone</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gaborone</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gandiwa, Patience" sort="Gandiwa, Patience" uniqKey="Gandiwa P" first="Patience" last="Gandiwa">Patience Gandiwa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Conservation Affairs Department, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Harare, Zimbabwe.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>International Conservation Affairs Department, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giva, Nicia" sort="Giva, Nicia" uniqKey="Giva N" first="Nicia" last="Giva">Nicia Giva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaelo, Dickson" sort="Kaelo, Dickson" uniqKey="Kaelo D" first="Dickson" last="Kaelo">Dickson Kaelo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nampindo, Simon" sort="Nampindo, Simon" uniqKey="Nampindo S" first="Simon" last="Nampindo">Simon Nampindo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Society, Uganda Country Programme, Kampala, Uganda.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Wildlife Conservation Society, Uganda Country Programme, Kampala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyambe, Nyambe" sort="Nyambe, Nyambe" uniqKey="Nyambe N" first="Nyambe" last="Nyambe">Nyambe Nyambe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area Secretariat, Kasane, Botswana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Botswana</country><wicri:regionArea>Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area Secretariat, Kasane</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kasane</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steiner, Kurt" sort="Steiner, Kurt" uniqKey="Steiner K" first="Kurt" last="Steiner">Kurt Steiner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Independent consultant, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Independent consultant, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Andrew" sort="Parker, Andrew" uniqKey="Parker A" first="Andrew" last="Parker">Andrew Parker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Conserve Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Conserve Africa, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roe, Dilys" sort="Roe, Dilys" uniqKey="Roe D" first="Dilys" last="Roe">Dilys Roe</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IUCN Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group (SULi), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>IUCN Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group (SULi), London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomson, Paul" sort="Thomson, Paul" uniqKey="Thomson P" first="Paul" last="Thomson">Paul Thomson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trimble, Morgan" sort="Trimble, Morgan" uniqKey="Trimble M" first="Morgan" last="Trimble">Morgan Trimble</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Independent consultant, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Independent consultant, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caron, Alexandre" sort="Caron, Alexandre" uniqKey="Caron A" first="Alexandre" last="Caron">Alexandre Caron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRE, Uni Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRE, Uni Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mozambique</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Maputo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyrrell, Peter" sort="Tyrrell, Peter" uniqKey="Tyrrell P" first="Peter" last="Tyrrell">Peter Tyrrell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>South Rift Association of Landowners, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>South Rift Association of Landowners, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature ecology & evolution</title><idno type="eISSN">2397-334X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 illness are driving a global crisis. Governments have responded by restricting human movement, which has reduced economic activity. These changes may benefit biodiversity conservation in some ways, but in Africa, we contend that the net conservation impacts of COVID-19 will be strongly negative. Here, we describe how the crisis creates a perfect storm of reduced funding, restrictions on the operations of conservation agencies, and elevated human threats to nature. We identify the immediate steps necessary to address these challenges and support ongoing conservation efforts. We then highlight systemic flaws in contemporary conservation and identify opportunities to restructure for greater resilience. Finally, we emphasize the critical importance of conserving habitat and regulating unsafe wildlife trade practices to reduce the risk of future pandemics.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32728187</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2397-334X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Jul</Month><Day>29</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature ecology & evolution</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nat Ecol Evol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Conserving Africa's wildlife and wildlands through the COVID-19 crisis and beyond.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41559-020-1275-6</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 illness are driving a global crisis. Governments have responded by restricting human movement, which has reduced economic activity. These changes may benefit biodiversity conservation in some ways, but in Africa, we contend that the net conservation impacts of COVID-19 will be strongly negative. Here, we describe how the crisis creates a perfect storm of reduced funding, restrictions on the operations of conservation agencies, and elevated human threats to nature. We identify the immediate steps necessary to address these challenges and support ongoing conservation efforts. We then highlight systemic flaws in contemporary conservation and identify opportunities to restructure for greater resilience. Finally, we emphasize the critical importance of conserving habitat and regulating unsafe wildlife trade practices to reduce the risk of future pandemics.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lindsey</LastName><ForeName>Peter</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-2897</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. peter@wildnet.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia. peter@wildnet.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA, USA. peter@wildnet.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Allan</LastName><ForeName>James</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brehony</LastName><ForeName>Peadar</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1315-7683</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dickman</LastName><ForeName>Amy</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Oxford, Tubney, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Robson</LastName><ForeName>Ashley</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-0602</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Begg</LastName><ForeName>Colleen</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>TRT Conservation Foundation, Rondebosch, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bhammar</LastName><ForeName>Hasita</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blanken</LastName><ForeName>Lisa</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Breuer</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-5712</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>WWF Germany, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fitzgerald</LastName><ForeName>Kathleen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Conservation Capital, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Flyman</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Gaborone, Botswana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gandiwa</LastName><ForeName>Patience</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Conservation Affairs Department, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Harare, Zimbabwe.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giva</LastName><ForeName>Nicia</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaelo</LastName><ForeName>Dickson</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nampindo</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Society, Uganda Country Programme, Kampala, Uganda.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nyambe</LastName><ForeName>Nyambe</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-0178</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area Secretariat, Kasane, Botswana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Steiner</LastName><ForeName>Kurt</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4686-0375</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Independent consultant, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parker</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Conserve Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roe</LastName><ForeName>Dilys</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6547-6427</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IUCN Sustainable Use and Livelihoods Specialist Group (SULi), London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thomson</LastName><ForeName>Paul</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-3293</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Trimble</LastName><ForeName>Morgan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-0788</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Independent consultant, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caron</LastName><ForeName>Alexandre</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-3273</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRE, Uni Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tyrrell</LastName><ForeName>Peter</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-8138</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>South Rift Association of Landowners, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nat Ecol Evol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101698577</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2397-334X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32728187</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41559-020-1275-6</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1038/s41559-020-1275-6</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Botswana</li><li>France</li><li>Kenya</li><li>Mozambique</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Zimbabwe</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Berlin</li><li>Californie</li><li>District de Columbia</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Languedoc-Roussillon</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Oxfordshire</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Berlin</li><li>Cambridge</li><li>Londres</li><li>Montpellier</li><li>Oxford</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Amsterdam</li><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université de Cambridge</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lindsey, Peter" sort="Lindsey, Peter" uniqKey="Lindsey P" first="Peter" last="Lindsey">Peter Lindsey</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Begg, Colleen" sort="Begg, Colleen" uniqKey="Begg C" first="Colleen" last="Begg">Colleen Begg</name><name sortKey="Parker, Andrew" sort="Parker, Andrew" uniqKey="Parker A" first="Andrew" last="Parker">Andrew Parker</name><name sortKey="Robson, Ashley" sort="Robson, Ashley" uniqKey="Robson A" first="Ashley" last="Robson">Ashley Robson</name><name sortKey="Steiner, Kurt" sort="Steiner, Kurt" uniqKey="Steiner K" first="Kurt" last="Steiner">Kurt Steiner</name><name sortKey="Trimble, Morgan" sort="Trimble, Morgan" uniqKey="Trimble M" first="Morgan" last="Trimble">Morgan Trimble</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lindsey, Peter" sort="Lindsey, Peter" uniqKey="Lindsey P" first="Peter" last="Lindsey">Peter Lindsey</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Lindsey, Peter" sort="Lindsey, Peter" uniqKey="Lindsey P" first="Peter" last="Lindsey">Peter Lindsey</name></region><name sortKey="Bhammar, Hasita" sort="Bhammar, Hasita" uniqKey="Bhammar H" first="Hasita" last="Bhammar">Hasita Bhammar</name><name sortKey="Thomson, Paul" sort="Thomson, Paul" uniqKey="Thomson P" first="Paul" last="Thomson">Paul Thomson</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Hollande-Septentrionale"><name sortKey="Allan, James" sort="Allan, James" uniqKey="Allan J" first="James" last="Allan">James Allan</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Brehony, Peadar" sort="Brehony, Peadar" uniqKey="Brehony P" first="Peadar" last="Brehony">Peadar Brehony</name></region><name sortKey="Dickman, Amy" sort="Dickman, Amy" uniqKey="Dickman A" first="Amy" last="Dickman">Amy Dickman</name><name sortKey="Roe, Dilys" sort="Roe, Dilys" uniqKey="Roe D" first="Dilys" last="Roe">Dilys Roe</name><name sortKey="Roe, Dilys" sort="Roe, Dilys" uniqKey="Roe D" first="Dilys" last="Roe">Dilys Roe</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Blanken, Lisa" sort="Blanken, Lisa" uniqKey="Blanken L" first="Lisa" last="Blanken">Lisa Blanken</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Breuer, Thomas" sort="Breuer, Thomas" uniqKey="Breuer T" first="Thomas" last="Breuer">Thomas Breuer</name></country><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fitzgerald, Kathleen" sort="Fitzgerald, Kathleen" uniqKey="Fitzgerald K" first="Kathleen" last="Fitzgerald">Kathleen Fitzgerald</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Kaelo, Dickson" sort="Kaelo, Dickson" uniqKey="Kaelo D" first="Dickson" last="Kaelo">Dickson Kaelo</name><name sortKey="Tyrrell, Peter" sort="Tyrrell, Peter" uniqKey="Tyrrell P" first="Peter" last="Tyrrell">Peter Tyrrell</name><name sortKey="Tyrrell, Peter" sort="Tyrrell, Peter" uniqKey="Tyrrell P" first="Peter" last="Tyrrell">Peter Tyrrell</name></country><country name="Botswana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Flyman, Michael" sort="Flyman, Michael" uniqKey="Flyman M" first="Michael" last="Flyman">Michael Flyman</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Nyambe, Nyambe" sort="Nyambe, Nyambe" uniqKey="Nyambe N" first="Nyambe" last="Nyambe">Nyambe Nyambe</name></country><country name="Zimbabwe"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gandiwa, Patience" sort="Gandiwa, Patience" uniqKey="Gandiwa P" first="Patience" last="Gandiwa">Patience Gandiwa</name></noRegion></country><country name="Mozambique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Giva, Nicia" sort="Giva, Nicia" uniqKey="Giva N" first="Nicia" last="Giva">Nicia Giva</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Caron, Alexandre" sort="Caron, Alexandre" uniqKey="Caron A" first="Alexandre" last="Caron">Alexandre Caron</name></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nampindo, Simon" sort="Nampindo, Simon" uniqKey="Nampindo S" first="Simon" last="Nampindo">Simon Nampindo</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Caron, Alexandre" sort="Caron, Alexandre" uniqKey="Caron A" first="Alexandre" last="Caron">Alexandre Caron</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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